The opening activities function is to make the students prepare mentally

The opening activities function is to make the students prepare mentally

1.        Opening Activities

The opening activities function is to make the students prepare mentally and physically to follow the teaching activities process. It is supported by Usman (2004) who states that opening activities lead the learners to the precondition which indicates the learners are ready to focus their attention to what they are going to learn. In this section, the teachers can fill the activities such as checking students’ attendance list, leading them to the materials which are going to be learned, motivating the students by showing such media of learning, stating the objectives of learning, telling them the activities which are going to do, etc.

2.        Main Activities

The objective of main activities is to achieve basic competences. These activities should be meaningful, interactive, and challenging. In constructing main activities, it depends on indicators. The indicators have been formulated leads the teachers to organize the activities. The activities show the steps of what the students do from the lower level to upper level of difficulties.The well-organized activities guide the students to achieve the basic competence as it is shown on each indicator that is developed in the main learning activities.

3.        Closing Activities

Closing activities is the activity done by the teachers to end the whole learning activities. It is intended to give the students a picture of understanding to what they have been learned, and to identify learners achievement during teaching and learning process (Usman, 2004). In this part of activities, the teacher can fill the activities, such as making conclusion from what they have been learned, giving them follow up, giving them evaluation, and etc.

In addition, there are some criteria which are needed to be considered in setting the teaching and learning activities (Sujinah, 2011);

a)      The objective of learning activities is to help teachers teach well and conduct teaching and learning process professionally which is suitable to the curriculum.

b)      Teaching and learning activities are developed based on basic competence.

c)      Teaching and learning activities include the systematical, chronological, or well-organized activities done by the students to achieve basic competence

d)     In designing teaching and learning activities, the materials should be clear to achieve the basic competence

e)      Determining the order of activities is very essential which based on the level of difficulties of each indicator to achieve basic competence.

Categories	Meaning
Fact	Statement which relates to two cases, such as name, symbol, label, place, definition, description of certain thing.
Concept	The category which is used to classify ideas, events, or similar things, such as jewelry is the concept which classifies earring, rings, bracelet, etc.
Principle	Statement which relates to two concepts, such as the rising of demand, the rising of price, or the poverty increases the criminals.
Procedure	Chronological or well-organized steps to do certain action, such as changing the wheel or starting the engine.
Interpersonal Skill	Verbal or non-verbal skill, such as leading group, solving the chaos.
Attitude	A tendency to respond a certain event or during doing the action. Attitude is part of learning activities, such as during the practice in garage; the learners wear safety shoes.